Colonoscopy is an examination of the colon with a fiber optic endoscope. This involves insertion of a flexible instrument into the rectum and then upward into the colon.
Colonoscopy may be only diagnostic, looking at the colon alone and/or possibly obtaining a biopsy of any abnormal tissue identified; or it may be therapeutic in which case a polyp may be removed or a bleeding site cauterized using an electrocautery device.
Your doctor will decide whether fluoroscopy will be necessary to assist in performing this examination. Fluoroscopy involves the use of x-ray equipment to examine the abdomen during insertion of the instrument.
PREPARATION: Either a liquid diet and laxatives for several days before the examination or a one day more vigorous preparation of liquids and Fleets Phospho-Soda taken the day before. Do not take any aspirin, aspirin-containing products or other similar drugs such as Advil or Motrin for one week prior to and subsequent to the procedure. Use Tylenol for headache.
HOSPITALIZATION: Ordinarily not required unless dictated by other medical circumstances.
SEDATION: Usually administered intravenously to insure that the patient is relaxed and comfortable. General anesthesia is not required.
RISKS: The risks of colonoscopy, including bleeding and perforation are relatively small and depend upon whether the examination is diagnostic or therapeutic. The risks are slightly greater in the elderly and in individuals with multiple previous abdominal operations, a history of abdominal infections or prior radiation therapy. Other risks include drug reaction from the medications used for sedation and possible vein irritation or pain at the site of the injected medicine. |